- Do i need iron if have low hematocrit and hemoglobin series#
- Do i need iron if have low hematocrit and hemoglobin free#
1, 2 An endothelial cell direct viral injury has been suggested as well, potentially contributing to blood and vascular complications.
Do i need iron if have low hematocrit and hemoglobin series#
Moreover, a series of cardiovascular thrombotic events have been described, together with pulmonary embolism, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), liver/myocardial/renal failure. The infectiveimmune elements would affect mainly the lungs, which consequently leads to respiratory insufficiency. Most scientific research has focused on the infective-inflammatory component of COVID-19, highlighting several immunological derangements. A more comprehensive diagnostic/therapeutic approach to COVID-19 is proposed, including potential adjuvant interventions aimed at improving hemoglobin dysfunction, iron over-deposit and generalized hypoxic state.ĬOVID-19 is the new out-breaking disease, characterized by pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), with sepsis and eventually multi-organ failure.
We speculated that in COVID-19, beyond the classical pulmonary immune-inflammation view, the occurrence of an oxygen-deprived blood disease, with iron metabolism dysregulation, should be taken in consideration. A few clinical syndromes may follow, such as pulmonary edema based on arterial vasoconstriction and altered alveolo-capillary barrier, sideroblastic-like anemia, endotheliitis, vasospastic acrosyndrome, and arterio- venous thromboembolism.
Do i need iron if have low hematocrit and hemoglobin free#
In this translational medicinebased narrative review, the following pathologic metabolic pathways, deriving from hemoglobin denaturation and iron metabolism dysregulation, are highlighted: i) decrease of functioning hemoglobin quote ii) iron overload in cell/tissue (hyperferritinemia) iii) release of free toxic circulating heme iv) hypoxemia and systemic hypoxia v) reduction of nitric oxide vi) coagulation activation vii) ferroptosis with oxidative stress and lipoperoxidation viii) mitochondrial degeneration and apoptosis. Scientific literature has pointed out two potential pathophysiological mechanisms: i) severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV- 2) interaction with hemoglobin molecule, through CD147, CD26 and other receptors located on erythrocyte and/or blood cell precursors ii) hepcidin-mimetic action of a viral spike protein, inducing ferroportin blockage. A hemoglobinopathy, hypoxia and cell iron overload might have a possible additional role. More recently, a multi-organ involvement has been highlighted, with different pathways of injury. Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has been regarded as an infective-inflammatory disease, which affects mainly lungs.
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